TWO TYPES OF TRAINING There are two common forms of employee training-on-the-job training

TWO TYPES OF TRAINING

There are two common forms of employee training-on-the-job training and off-the-job training. On-the-job training is the most widely used and least expensive form. of training. It consists of an employee learning from a supervisor or co-worker how to do the job. On-the-job training could be described as an apprenticeship. It is efficient because it is done at the workplace while the employee is fulfilling work duties. As time goes by, the employee becomes more and more skilled at the job and eventually can train other employees in turn.

Off-the-job training is the most expensive form. of training. It consists of an employee being sent away from the workplace to a training program where training is provided. It is less efficient because it requires the employee to take time away from work duties. In addition, depending on where the training site is located, travel and accommodation expenses may be incurred. And of course, fees must be paid to the person or organization providing the training.

When deciding which form. of training to provide, an employer must consider such things as the availability of staff with necessary skills and time to provide on-the-job training and the types of off-site training available, in addition to the expense. It may well be decided that off-the-job training is worth the cost. While the requirements are different for on-the-job training as compared to off-the-job training, the purpose of both types is the same-to improve employee efficiency and productivity.

Which of the following best describes on-the-job training？

A．Expensive

B．Ineffective

C．Common

D．Quick

we can classify programming languages under two types: low level languages and（）languages.

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There are two types of twins: identical and non－identical twins. Identical twins are
There are two types of twins: identical and non-identical twins. Identical twins are formed from a single egg in mother's body which divides to form. two separate babies. Identical twins look the same and are often dressed by their parents in clothes of the same colors. It is often difficult to tell identical twins from each other, even when they are standing side by side. Non-identical twins come into being when the mother produces two separated eggs at the same time, both of which grow to form. babies. In this case the twins look like normal brothers and sisters and are easy to tell one from the other.
In the 1970s and 1980s a scientist did some research into twins. He invited many pairs of identical twins to university and asked them to take part in a week of tests. He was particularly interested in adopted (收养) twins who had been separated at birth. He would give the twins different kinds of tests to study their speed of thinking, their speech, their memory, the ways they saw and heard different things, and so on. Time and time again he found separated twins who preferred clothes of the same color, used the same kind of shaving soap, wore the same shaped square glasses and the same colored socks.
There is a third type of twins, but it is a very unusual one. Twins who are joined together at birth are known in western countries as Siamese twins.
(1)It is difficult to tell identical twins because ____________.
A、they are dressed in the same clothes
B、they are dressed in the same color
C、they are very alike
D、they are standing side by side
(2)If the twins are easy to tell from each other, they are ____________.
A、very probably non-identical twins
B、surely non-identical twins
C、surely identical twins
D、always a brother and a sister
(3)Which of the following is NOT true according to this passage？
A、In the 1970s and 1980s a scientist did some research into the two main types of twins.
B、In the week of tests, he tested their speed of thinking, their speech, their memory and some other things.
C、There were twins who had been separated from each other as soon as they were born.
D、Very often, separated twins were found to choose things of the same kind, the same shape and the same color.
(4)According to the passage, how many types of twins are there actually？
A、one
B、two
C、three
D、four
(5)This passage mainly tells us ____________.
A、the main types of twins
B、what has been found out about twins
C、how twins are formed
D、how a scientist studied twins

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If you can’t afford to pay rent in advance，there are two types of loan you may be able to get from the social fund．
A．如果你不能提前付款，有两种社会基金或贷款可供你选择。
B．如果你无法预付租金，你可以从两类社会基金中获得贷款。
C．如果你无力预付租金，你可以从社会基金中获得两种贷款。
D．如果你没有按时付款，两种社会基金都不能为你提供救济。

根据以下内容回答题：Nowadays there are more and more ways，of going on holiday．More and more people go abroad every year．Some people even go on two or three holidays a year． There are two types of holiday-makers．The first kind always flocks to seaside resorts when they go on holiday．Their one and only aim is to have a good time by sun-bathing and putting their feet up．They are not a bit interested in local specialities．At mealtimes，if they can get a plate of British“fish and chips”，they’re more than happy!They spend their days in the sun-shine and their evenings getting drunk．and then sleep soundly．If this sort of person forgets to pack the suntan oil，he or she will undoubtedly come home as red as a lobster． The other type of holiday—makers goes to every country to increase their knowledge of for-eign lands．They make use of the chance to travel to improve their world knowledge．For them，going on holiday is educational．Consequently，this sort of travelers will move from p!ace to place every few days．If they visit lots of places in a short span of time，there is no way that they can get a proper feel of a place or fully appreciate the local food and wine． Whichever type of holiday chosen，everybody has the same aim：to put their work to the back of their minds，have as much fun as possible and come home happy and relaxed．
The aim of the first type of holiday-makers is__________ ．
A.to enjoy themselves
B.to enjoy good food
C.to have a good sleep
D.to get drunk

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SMALL TALK BEFORE A MEETING This is a situation you’ve probably experienced many times: you arrive for a meeting ten minutes early. There are several people already there. You say hello and then … What do you talk about What do you say In this situation, you need to be able to make small talk. Small talk is an informal conversation. We use the term “small talk” because it is not about exchanging information or making decisions or having a serious discussion. It’s a way to avoid uncomfortable silences and build stronger relationships. Small talk might seem to be about nothing important, but it is important in itself. Being able to make small talk will allow you to make yourself part of a group. It will set the stage for more serious types of communication.
1.Small talk is a kind of formal dialog.()
2.The term “small talk” means there are only two persons in the dialog.()
3.Small talk is a useful ice-breaker and can build stronger relationships.()
4.Small talk is not at all important. ()
5.Making small talk will allow you to be a member of a group.()

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听力原文：In the field of marketing, consumer goods are classed according to the way in whi
听力原文： In the field of marketing, consumer goods are classed according to the way in which they are purchased. The two main categories are convenience goods and shopping goods. Two lesser types are specialty goods and unsought goods.
People do not spend much time shopping for convenience items such as groceries, newspapers, toothpaste, razor blades, aspirin, and candy. The buying of convenience goods may be done routinely, as some families buy groceries once a week. Such regularly purchased items are called staples. Sometimes convenience products are bought on impulse, for example, someone has a sudden desire for an ice cream sundae on a hot day. Or they may be purchased as emergency items.
Shopping goods are items for which customers search. They compare prices, quality, and styles, and may visit a number of stores before making decisions. Buying an automobile is often done this way.
Shopping goods fall into two classes: those that are perceived as basically the same and those that are regarded as different. Items that are looked upon as basically the same include such things as home appliances, television sets, and automobiles. Having decided on the model desired, the customer is primarily interested in getting the item at the most favorable price. Items regarded as inherently different include clothing, furniture, and dishes. Quality, style. and fashion will either take precedence over price, or they will not matter at all.
Specialty goods have characteristics that impel customers to make special efforts to find them. Price may be no consideration at all. Specialty goods can include almost any kind of product. Normally, specialty goods have a brand name or other distinguishing characteristics.
Unsought goods are items a consumer does not necessarily want or need or may not even know about. Promotion or advertising brings such goods to the consumer's attention. The product could be something new on the market or it may be a fairly standard service, such as life insurance, for which most people will usually not bother shopping.
According to the speaker, what are convenience goods？
A．Commodities that people are in constant need of.
B．Goods that are convenient to use or purchase.
C．Items that people tend to buy under impulse.
D．Items that have to be bought once a week.

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Here I want to try to give you an answer to the question: what personal qualities are （1)_
Here I want to try to give you an answer to the question: what personal qualities are (1)_____ in a teacher？ Probably no two people would (2)_____ exactly similar lists, but I think the following would be generally (3)_____.
First, the teacher's personality should be pleasantly (4)_____ and attractive. This does not rule out people who are physically (5)_____, or even ugly, because many such have great personal (6)_____. But it does rule out such types as the (7)_____, melancholy, frigid, sarcastic, frustrated, and over bearing: I would say too, that it (8)_____ all of dull or purely negative personality.
Secondly, it is not merely desirable (9)_____ essential for a teacher to have a genuine (10)_____ for sympathy—a capacity to tune (11)_____ to the minds and feelings of other people, especially, to the minds and feelings of children. (12)_____ related with this is the capacity to be (13)—not, indeed, of what is wrong, but of the frailty and immaturity of human nature which (14)_____ people, and again especially children, to make mistakes.
Thirdly, I (15)_____ it essential for a teacher to be both intellectually and morally honest. This does not mean being a saint. It means that he will be aware of his intellectual strength and (16)_____, and will have thought about and decided upon the moral principles by which his life shall be (17)_____. There is no contradiction in my going on to say that a teacher should be a (18)_____ of an actor. That is part of the technique of teaching, which demands that every now and then a teacher should be able to (19)_____ an act—to enliven a lesson, correct a fault, or (20)_____ praise. Children, especially young children, live in a world that is rather larger than life.
A．substantial
B．adorable
C．desirable
D．valuable

Kite flying is the sport of sending up into the air, by means of the wind, a light frame. covered with paper, plastic or cloth. The frame. can be one of many different shapes and is attached to a long string held in the hand or wound on a drum. Kites have a long history of practical application and many different types of kite have been developed to serve various purposes.
The ancient Chinese used bird-kites to carry ropes across rivers and valleys. The current folding kite which will dive excitingly is an improved type of such a kite. With its long flat body and single pair of bird-like wings, it looks just like a large bird in the air. The modern version is usually made of tissue-paper rather than the traditional silk.
Man-lifting kites were developed in ancient times, again by the Chinese, for getting information from walled cities and army camps. In fact, as recently as World War II , German U-boats flew kites from their towers to lift people into the air to watch the land. These kites, which are no longer in existence, were made of light-weight cloth. They were much larger and stronger than the Chinese ones. Their design, however, was simply that of the cutter kite. Smaller in size, this type of kite is still very popular as a toy for children, being easy to make with a diamond-shaped frame, no wings and brown-paper covering.
Box-kites are another type of kite found in toy shops today. The first box-kite, named for its box-like body, was developed in the nineteenth century to test theories of flight and this type of cotton-covered kite greatly assisted the success of early aeroplanes.
These kites are the ancestors of a heavier version of the box-kite, called the double box-kite, which consists of two main sections, placed side by side. Developed for the peacetime purpose of fishing in strong sea wind, it is the only modern kite described which has practical value. A long-lasting plastic material has to be used for this kite, which carries fishing lines.
36. The ancient Chinese bird-kites were usually made of light frames covered with ______.
A.silk
B.paper
C.cloth
D.plastic
37. The kites used by German U-boats in World War Ⅱ for the military purpose were made of ______.
A.brown paper
B.plastic material
C.light-weight cloth
D.traditional silk
38. The ancient Chinese man-lifting kites were used ______.
A.to carry ropes across rivers and valleys
B.for the military purpose
C.as toys for children
D.for fishing in strong sea wind
39. Which of the fllowin statements is not true？
A The frame. ofa kie is tacted to log sring held i the hand or wound on drum
B The frst box-kite was developed in the nineteth century
C. The cuter kite has a diamond shaped body but no wings
D The crrent folding kite is developed to test thories of fight.
40. The best title for this passage may be ______.
A.The Ancestors of Modern Kites.
B.The History of the Chinese Kites.
C.Different Types and Uses of Kites.
D.The Difference between Ancient and Modern Kites.

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Being plugged into an iPod is a feature of adolescence. A new study suggests that teens who spend too much time listening to music may be at higher risk of depression. The study found that teens who reported listening to music more often—【C1】______using other types of media like TV and books—were more likely to have major depressive disorder,【C2】______with teens who listened to music less frequently. With each level increase in music use, teens had an 80% higher risk of depression, the study found. The study didnt measure【C3】______listening times, but based on previous data, the study authors【C4】______that teens in the highest-use group were likely listening to music【C5】______at least four or five hours a day. At this【C6】______it is not clear whether depressed people begin to listen to more music to【C7】______or whether listening to large【C8】______of music can lead to depression, or both.【C9】______researchers found that reading books had the opposite【C10】______: with time spent in reading increasing, teens risk of depression【C11】______50%. This is worth emphasizing because overall in the U.S., reading books is decreasing,【C12】______nearly all other forms of media use are increasing. For the study, the researchers【C13】______106 participants aged 7 to 17 for two months; 46 participants had been previously【C14】______with depression. Throughout the course of the study, researchers made【C15】______weekend phone calls to the teens in order to determine, in real time, what forms of media they were using,【C16】______television, music, video games, Internet, magazines and books. On average, teens were most likely to be watching a movie or TV when researchers called (26% of the time). Teens reported listening to music 9% of the time, followed by Internet use and video gaming (6% each) and,【C17】______, reading printed media (0.2%). Of all the media reported, only music showed【C18】______associations with increased depression risk,【C19】______researchers had control of【C20】______like age, sex and race.
【C1】
A．less than
B．more than
C．other than
D．rather than

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