The two basic guidelines on the choice of vocabulary are: _______, students ’ need an

During the accurate reproduction stage the correction procedure can consists of two basic stages: showing incorrectness and using correction techniques.()

？Read the article below about the central problem of Economics.？Choose the best word to fi
？Read the article below about the central problem of Economics.
？Choose the best word to fill each gap, from A, B, C or D.
？For each question 19—33,mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet.
？There is an example at the beginning.
The Central Problem of Economics
The central problem of economics is to satisfy the people's and nation's wants.
The problem we are faced with is that our resources, here identified as money, are limited. The only way we can resolve our problem is to make choices. After looking at our resources, we must examine our list of (19) and identify the things we need immediately, those we can postpone, and (20) we cannot afford. As individuals, we face the central problem involved in economics deciding just how to allocate (分配) our limited resources to provide (21) with the greatest satisfaction of our wants. Nations face the same problem. As a country's population grows the need for more goods and services grows correspondingly. Resources necessary to production may increase, but there (22) are enough re sources to satisfy the total desires of a nation. Whether the budget meeting is taking place in the family (23) room, in the conference room of the corporation (24) of directors, or in the chamber of the House of Representatives in Washington, the basic problem still exists. We need to find methods of allocating limited resources in order to satisfy unlimited wants.
A short time ago economists (25) goods into two categories, free and economic. The former, like air and water, were in (26) abundance that economists had no concern for them. After all, economics is the (27) of scarcity (匮乏) and what to do about it. Today many of these "free goods" are (28) very expensive to use. Pollution has made clean air and water expensive for producers who have to filter their waste products, for consumers who ultimately (最终) (29) the producers' extra costs, and (30) taxpayers who pay for the government's involvement in cleaning the environment.
In the 1990s, almost all goods are (31) Only by effort and money can they be obtained in the form. people wish.
Meeting the needs of people and froming resources available (32) the basic activity of production. In trying to meet (33) wants from limited economic goods, production leads to new problems in economics.
(19)
A．want
B．problems
C．wants
D．resources

Unlike most sports, which evolved over time from street games, basketball was designed by one man to suit a【C1】______ purpose. The man was Dr. James Naismith, and his purpose was【C2】______ a vigorous game that could be played 【C3】______ in the winter.
In 1891. Naismith was an instructor at a training school, which trained【C4】______ education instructors for the YMCAs. That year the school was trying【C5】______ up with a physical activity that the men could enjoy【C6】______ the football and baseball seasons. None of the standard indoor activities【C7】______ their interest for long. Naismith was asked to solve the problem for the school. He first tried to【C8】______ some of the popular outdoor sports, but they were all too【C9】______ . The men were getting bruised from tackling each other and【C10】______ hit with equipment. So, Naismith decided to invent a game that would incorporate the most common elements of outdoor team sports without having the real physical contact. Most popular sports used a ball, so he chose a soccer ball because it was soft and large enough that it【C11】______ no equipment, such as a hat or a racket to hit it. Next he decided 【C12】______ an elevated goal, so that scoring would depend on skill and accuracy rather than on 【C13】______ only. His goals were two peach baskets,【C14】______ to ten-foot high balconies at each end of the gym. The basic【C15】______ of the game was to throw the ball into the basket. Naismith wrote rules for the game,【C16】______ of which, though with some small changes, are still【C17】______ effect. Basketball was an immediate success. The students【C18】______ it to their friends and the new sport quickly【C19】______ on. Today, basketball is one of the most popular games【C20】______ the world.
【C1】
A．particular
B．especial
C．special
D．specialty

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Read the article below about the central problem of Economics.Choose the best word to fill
Read the article below about the central problem of Economics.
Choose the best word to fill each gap, from A, B, C or D.
For each question 19—33, mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet.
There is an example at the beginning.
The Central Problem of Economics
The central problem of economics is to satisfy the people's and nation's wants.
The problem we are faced with is that our resources, here identified as money, are limited. The only way we can resolve our problem is to make choices. After looking at our resources, we must examine our list of(19)…and identify the things we need immediately, those we can postpone, and(20)…we cannot afford. As individuals, we face the central problem involved in economics—deciding just how to allocate (分配)our limited resources to provide(21)…with the greatest satisfaction of our wants.
Nations face the same problem. As a country's population grows the need for more goods and services grows correspondingly. Resources necessary to production may increase, but there(22)…are enough resources to satisfy the total desires of a nation. Whether the budget meeting is taking place in the family(23) …room, in the conference room of the corporation (24)…of directors, or in the chamber of the House of Representatives in Washington, the basic problem still exists. We need to find methods of allocating limited resources in order to satisfy unlimited wants.
A short time ago economists(25)…goods into two categories, free and economic. The former, like air and water, were in(26)…abundance that economists had no concern for them. After all, economics is the(27)…of scarcity(匮乏)and what to do about it. Today many of these " free goods" are(28)…very expensive to use. Pollution has made clean air and water expensive for producers who have to filter their waste products, for consumers who ultimately(最终)(29)…the producers' extra costs, and(30)…taxpayers who pay for the government's involvement in cleaning the environment.
In the 1990s, almost all goods are (31)…Only by effort and money can they be obtained in the form. people wish.
Meeting the needs of people and froming resources available (32)… the basic activity of production. In trying to meet(33)…wants from limited economic goods, production leads to new problems in economics.
(19)
A．want
B．problems
C．wants
D．resources

Section B – TWO questions ONLY to be attempted Bluefin School （Bluefin) is a school for 12
Section B – TWO questions ONLY to be attempted
Bluefin School (Bluefin) is a school for 12 to 17-year-old pupils. It currently has 1,000 pupils attending drawn from its local area. The school is run by an executive group comprising the head of school and two deputy head teachers. This group reports to a board of governors who are part-time and selected from the local community and parents. The school is wholly funded by the government.
The school’s ethos is ‘to promote learning, citizenship and self-confidence among the pupils. This is developed from a consensus, led by the board of governors and the head of school and informed by the views of the pupils’ parents.’
The school information systems are highly decentralised. Each department keeps its own records on a stand-alone PC using basic word processing and spreadsheet packages. The school’s administrative department has a small network in its own offices with compatible applications and also a database and financial recording and reporting package for use in schools (provided by the government).
The school is broken down into 11 academic departments such as mathematics, science and history. Each department head must prepare information for reporting to the board by inputting and processing the data. They obtain some help from an administrator who visits each department to spend a few hours per week helping in the recording and preparation of the departmental information. The department heads have different approaches to reporting their performance, with some using average marks in the annual exams for each class and some using pass rates of the annual exams. Some department heads present graphs of their data while most use tables of figures.
The information is passed from each department to the school administration office on a memory stick (USB flash drive). The school administration office prints out the information for each department and adds it to a financial report creating a governors’ pack of usually about 13 pages for the annual review board meeting. The financial report is a detailed income and expenditure statement for the period under review (usually a two page print-out from the reporting package). An example of one of the 11 departments’ report is given in the Appendix.
The board of governors meets every quarter and reviews the governors’ pack once a year. The board are concerned that the information that they are receiving is not meeting their needs and that there are a number of problems with the control and security of some of the data.
It has been suggested that the school should consider improving its information systems by installing a network across the school to link the departmental computers and the administration department. A single database would be created to store all the performance information. The computers would then be linked to the internet in order to facilitate data transfer to other schools in the region and to the government.
Appendix
Bluefin School
Mathematics department

Notes:
Each year contains pupils of the same age.
Annual national exams are set in years 4, 5 and 6.
Each year group is divided into different classes in order to ensure that classes do not exceed 35 pupils.
(Not all pupils take every subject each year.)
Average marks are for the annual examinations.
Required:
(a) With reference to the current situation at Bluefin School, discuss the controls and security procedures that are necessary for management information. (9 marks)
(b) Using the limited information available, evaluate the usefulness of the pack that is provided to the board of governors. (6 marks)
(c) Evaluate the improvements suggested to the information systems at Bluefin. (5 marks)


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Top 3 funniest and well-paid jobs
Ferrari driving instructor Annual salary:$120,000 per year
Yes,it's a niche,but that's why it pays so well and is so much fun.Anthony Lazzaro,a former NASCAR driver who stillraces professionally,earns $500 to $1,000 a day as a Ferrari instructor,he told WalletPop in an e-mail.Even at the low end,that adds up to S120,000 for 12 months of work.
The classes can cost $9,000 or so,and if you can't afford that and still want to see and hear what it's like to be in a Ferrariat 150 mph,a YouTube video gives an idea.The classes,whether through him or someone else,are not for the meek.
Astronaut Annual salary:$100,000 per year
What could be more fun than floating in space? According to NASA,salaries for civilian astronaut candidates are based onthe federal government's general schedule pay scale for grades GS-12 through GS-13.Each person's grade is determined byacademic achievements and experience.Currently,a GS-12 starts at $65,140 per year and a GS-13 can earn up to $100,701 peryear.Military astronauts remain in an active duty status for pay,benefits,leave,and other similar military matters.
Any adult who is in excellent physical condition and meets the basic qualifications can be selected to enter astronaut training.But for mission specialists and pilot astronauts,the minimum requirements include a bachelor's degree in engineering,science or math,followed by three years of related experience and preferably an advanced degree.Pilot astronauts must have atleast 1,000 hours of experience in jet aircraft,and they need better vision than mission specialists.
It's a tough field to get into.There are more than 4,000 applicants for about 20 openings every two years.But go ahead,fillout an application.
Winemaker Annual salary:$93,000 per year
You don't have to buy a vineyard to be a vintner or winemaker.Many wineries hire someone to run the winemakingbusiness and oversee production,the staff and the budget.
According to JobMonkey.com,the general requirements include a bachelor's degree in oenology (the study of making wine)or another related degree,at least five-year experience in winemaking,a strong knowledge of the pertinent grape varietals,andstrong technical winemaking skills.It may take a while to get such a fun job,but taking good wine home to taste after worksounds like a pretty nice job perk.
(1)Anthony Lazzaro earns $500 to $1,000 a day as a NASCAR driver.
A正确
B错误
(2)Ferrari driving classes that cost $9,000 or so are not for the meek.
A正确
B错误
(3)Any adult who is in excellent physical condition and meets the basic qualifications can be selected to enter astronaut training.
A正确
B错误
(4)For mission specialists and pilot astronauts,the minimum requirements include a master's degree inengineering,science or math.
A正确
B错误
(5)If you want to be a winemaker,you have to buy a vineyard.
A正确
B错误

Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension （Skimming and Scanning)Directions: In this part you will have
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
Directions: In this part you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Sustainable Communities
According to the World Wildlife Fund, people are currently using resources 25 percent faster than they can be replaced. If we continue down this course, we will need a second planet by the year 2050. Sustainable communities attempt to change that course by drastically altering how citizens interact with the environment.
Alternatively known as green communities or ecovillages (生态村), sustainable communities vary in their approaches to sustainable living, or a way of life that meets the population's basic needs in ways that can be continued indefinitely for future generations. Some communities focus solely on enriching the environment, while others also aim to improve social and economic conditions as well.
Characteristics of Sustainable Living Communities
Sustainable communities generally strive to minimize waste, reduce consumption and preserve open space. Ideally, they don't use resources faster than they can be replenished, and they don't produce waste faster than it can be assimilated back into the environment. Granted, some communities are more radical than others--living entirely off the grid and eschewing the use of government:--printed money--but the basic principles are similar.
Designing the neighborhood to encourage walking or bicycling is one way sustainable communities put these first two principles into practice. Less driving means less gas and emissions. Many ecovillages also incorporate work space into homes or encourage telecommuting. They also might zone part of the development for commercial use, essentially making the community a serf-contained environment where residents don't even have to leave for shopping or entertainment. This design sometimes is called a live- work-play lifestyle.
Using green building techniques is another staple of sustainable communities. Here are a few examples:
- Architects design buildings to take advantage of the sun's lighting and heating capabilities.
- They install energy-efficient appliances.
- They try to use local sources of materials as much as possible to cut back on the environmental costs of transport.
- They build with durable, non-toxic materials that have either been recycled or sustainably harvested.
You might see straw bale (草捆) houses, which essentially use bales of straw as the structural building blocks; cob houses, which are a mix of straw, clay and sand or earthbag homes, which are exactly what they sound like, homes made out of bags of dirt.
Along with green building techniques, sustainable communities rely on green gardening methods. They landscape with native, drought-tolerant plants and raise them organically to reduce water and keep pesticides and herbicides out of the environment.
Many communities also set aside a significant portion of their land as open space. Serenbe, for example, reserves 80 percent of its 900 acres for green space, that is, 720 acres of rolling hills, woods and streams free of development, quite a contrast to the concrete-laden urban sprawl of Atlanta just 32 miles away.
Another way sustainable communities reduce their ecological footprint is by capturing and recycling their wastes, often creating their own contained natural cycles. Instead of treating normally perceived waste products such as rainwater and sewage as pollution to be gotten rid of, residents mm th
A．We can have another planet called the Earth.
B．We will use up resources on Earth.
C．We will work out replaceable resources.
D．We will migrate to another planet to live.

The political career of Cicero, a great Roman statesman and the most well-known speech-maker of his time, was a remarkable 01 . At the time, high political offices in Rome, though technically achieved by 02 elections, were almost exclusively controlled by a group of wealthy noble families that had held them for many generations. Cicero's family, 03 noble, was not one of them, nor did it have great wealth. But Cicero had a great 04 of political ambition; at a very young age he chose as his basic belief the same one Achilles was said to have had: to always be the best and overtop the rest. Lacking the 05 of a proper family origin, there were essentially only two career options open to him. One was a military career, 06 military success was thought to 07 from exceptional personal qualities and could lead to popularity and therefore political opportunity as was the case much 08 for American presidents Ulysses S. Grant and Dwight D. Eisenhower. Cicero, however, was 09 soldier. He hated war, and 10 in the military only very briefly as a young man.

Instead, Cicero chose a career 11 the law. To prepare for this career, he studied law, rhetoric, and philosophy. When he felt he was 12 , he began taking part in legal cases. A career in the law could lead to political success for several reasons, all of 13 are still relevant today. First, a lawyer would gain a great deal of 14 in making speeches. Second, he could also gain exposure and 15 from cases. Finally, a successful lawyer would build up a network of political connections, 16 is important now but was even more important in Cicero's time, 17 political competition was not conducted along party lines or on the basis of doctrine, but instead was based 18 loose, shifting networks of personal friendships and 19 . Cicero proved to be an excellent speech-maker and lawyer, and an outstanding politician. He was elected to each of the principal Roman offices on his first try and at the earliest age at which he was legally allowed to 20 for them.

(1)A.oneB.manyC.muchD.two

(2)A.winningB.loseC.losingD.win

(3)A.because ofB.thoughC.henceD.so

(4)A.tradeB.copeC.businessD.deal

(5)A.adversitiesB.burdensC.advantagesD.disadvantages

(6)A.despiteB.sinceC.even thoughD.nonetheless

(7)A.bring aboutB.beginC.resultD.create

(8)A.latterB.laterC.latestD.late

(9)A.noB.quiteC.goodD.not

(10)A.serviceB.serveC.servingD.served

(11)A.onB.amongC.inD.between

(12)A.readB.reddishC.readingD.ready

(13)A.whenB.whichC.thatD.where

(14)A.experienceB.exposureC.explanationD.expenses

(15)A.popularityB.popularC.populationD.populous

(16)A.becauseB.ifC.whichD.that

(17)A.thatB.whereC.whichD.when

(18)A.overB.onC.atD.in

(19)A.commitmentsB.communitiesC.commissionsD.commutes

(20)A.walkB.jumpC.runD.fly

以下说法错误的是（)。
A.Visual Basic是面向过程的编程语言
B.Visual Basic是一种可视化编程工具
C.Visual Basic是结构化程序设计语言
D.Visual Basic采用事件驱动编程机制

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