The more information you can get, ______ in your field.

Computers are tools carrying（）for human beings.

英译中 Information and communications are central to modern society and organizations. One approach to understand the working environment is to consider an organization as a communications system. An organization that has open lines of communication with valid, honest information going up, down, and throughout the organization will be much more effective and a much better place to work than the organization that attempts to restrict the flow of information or distort and deceive. When leadership attempts to keep workers in the dark, workers tend to become distrustful. This undermines their cooperation.
It is easy to understand the value and importance of open, honest communications and valid information. Yet, few organizations are able to function in this manner. In the long run, poor communication will undermine the entire organization. Restricting communication and distorting information are symptoms of short-range thinking. We must avoid these stupid, short-sighted traps and constantly strive for and open communications system with objective information.

Public response to technology often varies in peculiar ways. While biotechnology, for example, gives rise to organized opposition, information technology, which is actually no less invasive (侵害的) ,no more harmless, is welcomed or, at the least, accepted with comparatively little debate. Information technologies from computers and communications ---- have obviously had an overwhelming social impact and their benefits hardly need explanations, but they have also disturbed privacy and threatened civil liberties, computerized data banks empower bureaucratic authorities by providing easy access to personal information-about credit ratings, social performance, housing and medical histories. They will allow access to genetic figures, providing information about our tendencies to employers, insurers, product advertisers, banks and other institutions that exercise control over our lives. Computerization allows the severe extension of advertising through telemarketing requests that shamelessly intrude our home life. Information technologies have displaced people from jobs and turned potentially skilled workers into low-level computer technologies. Computers have facilitated the work of scholars, but also turned them into typists; yet one hears hardly a complaint. They have turned the simple act of buying a plane ticket into an endless manipulation (控制) , but we welcome the so-called convenience. They have encouraged new forms of crime and fraud(欺诈) , but we describe them with grudging admiration. They have allowed new types of evil weaponry. But we call them "smart bombs". Perhaps the most important, information technologies have extended the power of the mass media, creating unusual possibilities for political manipulation reducing accountability (有责任,有义务 ), and changing the nature of political life. It is true that there are critiques(批评) of information technologies from those professionally concerned about their problematic(有问题的) legal, social and political implications. There is a near total absence, however, of organized public concern about technologies with profound and problematic implications.
11.According to the author, information technology_____________.
A. Has nothing positive
B. Has not given rise to organized opposition
C. is less harmless than biotechnology
D. is accepted without any debate
12.By the term "computerization the author means that______________.
A. all of industrial work is controlled by computer
B. computer plays an important role in our economic life
C. computer becomes an essential part in our everyday life
D. all scientific work is done with the help of computer
13.What worries the author most is that ______________..
A. political manipulate through mass media will become normal in our political life
B. our privacy will be threaded by businessmen
C. there will be more crimes and frauds by high tech
D. new types of evil weaponry will be invented
14.Those who criticizes information technologies are _____________.
A. leaders of the organized opposition to information technologies
B. persons engaged in professional works
C. those who benefit most from information technologies
D. those who benefit least from information technologies
15.(多选)The benefits brought by information technology is ____________.
A. quite evident
B. hard to explain
C. being overcome by social opposition
D. to benefit few people

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Chris Peterson was teaching a class in psychology at Virginia Tech when he told his students to fill out a carefully designed test that determines a person's level of optimism and pessimism. The students also answered questions about their general heath, including how often they went to a doctor.
Peterson followed the health of his students the following year and discovered that the pessimists had twice as many diseases and made twice as many trips to the doctor as the optimists.
Later, Martin Seligman of the University of Pennsylvania and two of his colleagues, using interviews and blood tests, found that optimists have better immune (免疫的) activity than pessimists. Why？ One big factor is that "Pessimistic individuals," as Seligman writes, "get depressed more easily and more often."
When a person is depressed, certain brain hormones (荷尔蒙) become reduced, creating a chain of biochemical (生物化学的) events that end up slowing down the activity of the immune system.
Optimists also look at information in more depth to find out what they can do about the risk factors. In a study by Lisa Aspinwall, at the University of Maryland, subjects read health-related information on cancer and other topics. She discovered that optimists spent more time than pessimists reading the severe risk material and they recommend more of it.
"These are people," says Aspinwall, "who aren't sitting around wishing things were different. They believe in a better outcome, and that whatever measures they take will help them to heal." In other words, instead of having their heads in the clouds, optimistic people look and seek. They aren't afraid to look into the situation because they're optimistic. Thus, for yet another reason, optimists are likely to be healthier.
The best news is what research has shown repeatedly: Anyone can become more optimistic with effort. And every effort you make to keep an optimistic attitude will reward you with a stronger immune system. So you'll enjoy better health.
1. The purpose of these scientific studies is to ________.
A、pick out people who are more optimistic
B、determine a person's level of optimism and pessimism
C、prove pessimistic people get depressed more easily and more often
D、discover to what degree one's health is related to one's attitude in life
2. Seligman's research suggests that ________.
A、optimism helps people become healthier
B、interviews are the main tool used in the research
C、blood tests may not produce exact results
D、one's immune system is controlled by one's thoughts
3. According to the scientists, the reduction of immune activity is basically caused by ________.
A、some uncertain factors.
B、one's worse condition of health
C、one's depressed feeling
D、the change of biochemical events
4. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A、optimists spend more time on studying and searching
B、pessimists are more concerned with their health
C、we can tell who is a pessimist by observing his reading behavior
D、hormones are something with mysterious effects on the brain
5. Which of the following statements is NOT true？
A、Everyone can develop an optimistic attitude with effort.
B、Pessimists have no hope of making a change in their attitude.
C、Optimists have a stronger immune system.
D、A positive attitude toward life makes us healthier.

请帮忙给出正确答案和分析，谢谢！

阅读理解

　　In the United States, 30 percent of the adult population has a weight problem. To

　　many people, the cause is obvious: they eat too much. But scientific evidence does little to

　　support the idea.

　　Going back to the America of the 1910s, we find that people were thinner than today,

　　yet they ate more food. In those days people worked harder physically, walked more, used

　　machines much less and didn’t watch television.

　　Several modern studies, moreover, have shown that fatter people do not eat more on

　　average than thinner people. In fact, some investigations, such as the 1979 study of 3,545

　　London office workers, report that, on balance, fat people eat less than slimmer people.

　　Studies show that slim people are more active than fat people. A study by a research

　　group at Stanford University School of Medicine found the following interesting facts:

　　The more the men run, the more body fat they lost. The more they ran, the greater amount

　　of food they ate. Thus, those who run the most ate the most, yet lost the greatest amount of

　　body fat.

　　11. The physical problem that many adult Americans have is that ________.

　　A. they are too slim B. they work too hard

　　C. they are too fat D. they lose too much body fat

　　12. According to the article, given 500 adult Americans, ________ will have a weight

　　problem.

　　A. 30 B. 50 C. 100 D. 150

　　13. Is there any scientific evidence to support that eating too much is the cause of a weight

　　problem？

　　A. Yes, there is plenty of evidence.

　　B. Of course, there is some evidence to show this is true.

　　C. There is hardly any scientific evidence to support that.

　　D. We don’t know because the information is not given.

　　14. In comparison with the adult American population today, the Americans of the 1910s

　　_______.

　　A. ate more food and had more physical activities.

　　B. ate less food but had more activities

　　C. ate less food and had less physical exercise

　　D. had more weight problems

　　15. Modern scientific researchers have reported to us that ________.

　　A. fat people eat less food and are less active

　　B. fat people eat more food than slim people and are more active

　　C. fat people eat more food than slim people but are less active

　　D. thin people run less, but have greater increase in food intake

请帮忙给出正确答案和分析，谢谢！

You may have the business qualifications（合格证明).You have an excellent record of good
You may have the business qualifications(合格证明).You have an excellent record of good education and work experience.However，without good business manners you will not succeed.Treating people with respect should be second nature to you.It helps you get on well with the people you work with and with your bosses.It always pays to be polite.Here are some tips to help improve your business manners.If you are behind schedule，remember to take the time to contact your next appointment so that the person you are due to meet is aware of the delay.If necessary，you should rearrange the meeting for a more convenient time.Try not to leave any caller on hold for too long.It is better to tell someone you will call back when you are free.Be sure to return calls as soon as you can.If you cannot return the call immediately，apologize(道歉)to the caller for the delay.Try to respond to letters within a set time.Keep a record of requests for reply within a certain time.Make a note in your diary of other deadlines(最后期限)for your work.If you are unable to respond quickly，write a short letter to the other person to explain the delay and tell him when you will reply.If you want to take a customer or a business friend out for lunch，you had better choose the restaurant and let your guest choose the time.You may think that you are not being paid as much as you should be.Do not discuss the matter with your colleagues.A good way is to contact an employment agency to find out the "going rate".Armed with this objective information，you can discuss your salary with your boss.
1. What does the author emphasize for a person's success in business？_____
A. Business qualifications.
B. An excellent record of education.
C. Work experience.
D. Business manners.
2. What does the author mean by saying "It pays to be polite"？_____
A. You must be paid more money to be polite.
B. You have to pay for your training to be polite.
C. To be polite will eventually benefit you.
D. Customers pay for your being polite.
3. The word "tip" used in sentence 4，paragraph 2，refers to _____.
A. a useful hint or idea
B. a pointed end of anything
C. a piece of secret information
D. a small amount of money given in return for a service
4. When you know you are going to be late for an appointment，you should _____.
A. inform. the person you're meeting of your delay
B. leave the person a message telling him not to wait long
C. tell the person to postpone the meeting
D. apologize for taking the other person's time
5. If you think you are underpaid，it is suggested that you _____.
A. go directly to your boss and discuss the matter frankly
B. ask your colleagues secretly how much they earn
C. go to an employment agent to look for another job
D. get objective information about the job market first

请帮忙给出正确答案和分析，谢谢！

Communication games are based on the principle of information gap.（)
Communication games are based on the principle of information gap.()

信息（Information )是指现代社会中所有数字化的事物特性。
信息(Information )是指现代社会中所有数字化的事物特性。

The most common reason for problem solving activities to be so popular is the existence of an “information gap ”.()

生产资源管理的4M11:Man、Material、Machine、Method、Information（）

You can also alter（)information to protect privacy.