We say that a person has good manners if he or she behaves politely and is kind and helpful to others.Everyone likes a person with good manners but no one likes a person with bad manners. "Y es", you may say , " but what are good manners？ How do I know what to do and what not to do？"

People all over the world agree that being well-mannered really means being kind and helping others, especially to those older or weaker than ourselves. If you remember this, you will not go very far wrong.

Here are some examples of the things that a well-mannered person does or does not do.

He never laughs at people when they are in trouble.Instead, he tries to help them. He is always kind, never cruel,either to people or to animals. When people are waiting for a bus, or in a post office, he takes his turn.He does not push to the front of the queue. In the bus, he gives his seat to an old person or a lady who is standing.If he accidentally bumps into someone, or gets in their way, he says, "excuse me" or "I'm sorry".

He says "please" when making a request, and "thank you" when he receives something. He stands up when speaking to a lady or an older person, and he does not sit down until the other person is seated. He does not interrupt other people when they are talking. He does not talk too much himself. He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public. When eating, he does not speak with his mouth full of food. He uses a handkerchief when he sneezes or coughs.

(1)、Which of the following is considered as being well-mannered？

A：Laughing at the weaker

B：Behaving impolitely

C：Helping older people

D：Being kind to ourselves

(2)、If you try to be kind and helpful to others, you ______.

A：will make a mistake

B：will be completely wrong

C：will be considered very polite

D：will not be regarded as being well-mannered

(3)、When waiting for a bus, a well-mannered person should ______.

A：try to stand in the front of the line

B：line up in a queue

C：give his seat to a lady

D：stand where he is and wait for his turn

(4)、According to this passage, a polite person ______.

A：will not break into other's conversation

B：will do most of the talking when speaking with others

C：will sit down before an older person does

D：will not speak without his mouth full of food when eating

(5)、The word "accidentally" (Line 5, Para. 4) means ______.

A：on purpose

B：by accident

C：in an accident

D：willingly

To say that the child learns by imitation and that the way to teach is to set a good example is a bit oversimplified. No child imitates every action he sees. Sometimes, the example the parent wants him to follow is ignored while he takes over contrary patterns from some other ' example. Therefore we must turn to a more subtle theory than "Monkey see, monkey do".
Look at it from the child's point of view. Here he is in a new situation, lacking a ready response. He is seeking a response which will gain certain ends. If he lacks a ready response for the situation, and cannot reason out what to do, he observes a model who seems able to get the right result. The child looks for an authority or expert who can show what to do.
There is a second element at work in this situation. The child may be able to attain his immediate goal only to find that his method brings criticism from people who observe him. When shouting across the house achieves his immediate end of delivering a message, he is told emphatically that such a racket is unpleasant, that he should walk into the next room and say his say quietly. Thus, the desire to solve any objective situation is overlaid with the desire to solve it properly. One of the early things the child learns is that he gets more affection and approval when his parents like his response. Then other adults reward some actions and criticize others. If one is to maintain the support of others and his own self-respect, he must adopt responses his social group approves.
In finding trial responses, the learner does not choose models at random. He imitates the person who seems a good person to be like, rather than a person whose social status he wished to avoid. If the pupil wants to be a good violinist, he will observe and try to copy the techniques of capable players; while some other person may most influence his approach to books.
Admiration of one quality often leads us to admire a person as a whole, and he becomes an identifying figure. We use some people as models over a wide range of situations, imitating much that they do. We learn that they are dependable and rewarding models because imitating them leads to success.
The statement that children learn by imitation is incomplete because ______.
A．they only imitate authorities and experts
B．they are not willing to copy their parents
C．the process of identification has been ignored
D．the nature of their imitation as a form. of behavior. has been neglected

填句补文 Art seems to appear in human history as far back as 30,000 years ago. We say the earliest cave paintings are art,

Art seems to appear in human history as far back as 30,000 years ago. We say the earliest cave paintings are art, but what do we mean by art？ A bone fish hook (钩) obviously required skill and creativity to make. _ 26__

For the person who crates it, art expresses feelings and ideas. _ 27 _.The feelings and ideas on each side may or may not be exactly the same. And they may be expressed in various ways.

An artistic work is intended to excite the senses, to stir (激发) the emotions of the observer. _ 28_. But art is more than an attempt by an individual to express or communicate feelings and ideas. There is also cultural patting and meaning

Artistic activities are always in part cultural. In our society, we tend to think that anything useful is not art. If the basket has a design that is not necessary to its function, we may consider tart. __29__ However, this difference is not made in other societies.

Another example is that people in different societies treat the outside of their houses differently. Most North. Americans share the value of decorating the inside of their homes with pictures. _ 30 _

So art seems to have several qualities. It expresses as well as communicates. And it also has cultural meanings.

A. But we do not call it art.

B. It may produce feelings of beauty, peace or fear.

C. For the observer, it stimulates feelings and ideas.

D. Art does not require its creators to be full-time specialists.

E. But the basket with bread on the table would probably not be taken as art.

F. But they do not share the value of painting pictures on the outside walls.

请帮忙给出正确答案和分析，谢谢！

We can make mistakes at any age.Some mistakes we make are about money.But most mistakes are about people."Did Jerry really care when I broke up with Helen？" "When I got that great job, did Jerry really feel good about it, as a friend？ Or did he envy my luck？" When we look back, doubts like these can make us feel bad.But when we look back, it's too late.
Why do we go wrong about our friends--or our enemies？ Sometimes what people say hides their real meaning.And if we don't really listen, we miss the feeling behind the words.Suppose someone tells you, "you're a lucky dog".Is he really on your side？ If he says, "You're a lucky guy" or "You're a lucky gal", that's being friendly.But "lucky dog"？ There's a bit of envy in those words.Maybe he doesn't see it himself.But bringing in the "dog" bit puts you down a little.What he may be saying is that he doesn't think you deserve your luck.
How can you tell the real meaning behind someone's words？ One way is to take a good look at the person talking.Do his words fit the way he looks？ Does what he says square with the tone of voice？ His posture (体态)？ The look in his eyes？ Stop and think.The minute you spend thinking about the real meaning of what people say to you may save another mistake.
1.From the questions in the first paragraph we can learn that tile speaker ().
A.feels happy, thinking of how nice his friends were to him
B.feels he may not have "read" his friends' true feelings correctly
C.thinks it was a mistake to have broken up with his girl friend, Helen
D.is sorry that his friends let him down
2.In the second paragraph, the author uses the example of "You're a lucky dog" to showthat ().
A.the speaker of this sentence is just being friendly
B.this saying means the same as "You're a lucky guy' or "You're a lucky gal"
C.sometimes the words used by a speaker give a clue to the feeling behind the words
D.the word "dog" shouldn't be used to apply to people
3.This passage tries to tell you how to ().
A.avoid mistakes about money and friends
B.bring the "dog" bit into our conversation
C.avoid mistakes in understanding what people tell you
D.keep people friendly without trusting them
4.In listening to a person, the important thing is ().
A.to notice his tone, his posture, and the look in his eyes
B.to listen to how he pronounces his words
C.to check his words against his manner, his tone of voice, and his posture
D.not to believe what he says
5.If you followed the advice of the writer, you would ().
A.be able to get the real meaning of what people say to you
B.avoid any mistakes while talking with people who envy you
C.not lose real friends who say things that do not please you
D.be able to observe people as they are talking to you

请帮忙给出正确答案和分析，谢谢！

阅读：We can make mistakes at any age. Some mistakes we make are about money,

　　Questions 21 to 25 are　based on the following passage:

　　We can make mistakes at any age. Some mistakes we make are about money, but most mistakes are about people. “Did Jerry really care when I broke up with Helen？” “When I got that great job, did Jim really feel good about it, as a friend？ Or did he envy my luck？” “And Paul — why didn't I pick up that he was friendly just because I had a car？” When we look back, doubts like these can make us feel bad. But when we look back, it's too late.

　　Why do we go wrong about our friends — or our enemies？ Sometimes what people say hides their real meaning. And if we don't really listen, we miss the feeling behind the words. Suppose someone tells you, “You're a lucky dog.” Is he really on your side？ If he says, “You're a lucky guy” or “You're a lucky gal,” that's being friendly. But “lucky dog”？ There's a bit of envy in those words. Maybe he doesn't see it himself. But bringing in the “dog” bit puts you down a little. What he may be saying is that he doesn't think you deserve your luck.

　　“Just think of all the things you have to be thankful for” is another noise that says one thing and means another. It could mean that the speaker　is trying to get you to see your problem as part of your life as a whole. But is he？ Wrapped up in this phrase is the thought that your problem isn't important. It's telling you to think of all the starving people in the world when you haven't got a date for Saturday night.

　　How can you tell the real meaning behind someone's words？ One way is to take a good look at the person talking. Do his words fit the way he looks？ Does　what he says square with the tone of voice？ His posture？ The look in his　eyes？ Stop and think. The minute you spend thinking about the real meaning of what people say to you may save another mistake.

　　 21.When the writer recalls the things that happened between him and his friends, he ____.

　　A) feels happy, thinking of how nice his friends were to him

　 B) feels he may not have “read” his friends' true feelings correctly

　　C) thinks it was a mistake to view Jim as a friend

　　D) is sorry that his friends let him down

　 22.By saying “You're a lucky dog.”, the speaker ____.

　　A) is just being friendly

　 B) expresses the same meaning as “You're a lucky guy.” or“You ' re a lucky gal.”

　 C) is humorous to apply the word “dog” to people

　　D) has a hidden jealous feeling behind the words

　　23.In listening to a person, the important thing is ____.

　　A) to notice his tone, his posture, and the look in his eye

　　B) to listen to how he pronounces his words

　　C) to check his words against his manner, his tone of voice, and his posture

　　D) not to believe what he says

　　24.If you followed the advice of the writer, you would ____.

　　 A) weigh carefully what people say to determine their real meaning

　　B) get along well with people

　　C) trust what other people say

　　 D) have no doubts about our friends

25.This passage tries to tell you how to ____.

　　A) avoid mistakes about both money and people

　　B) say things elegantly

C) avoid mistakes in understanding what people tell you

　　D) keep people friendly without trusting them

第二节 完型填空阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D)中选出能填入相应空白处的最
第二节 完型填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。
During the 9th century scientists found that when certain parts of the brain of a man were 【B1】 ,he would lose the 【B2】 to do certain things. And so, people thought that each part of the brain does a different 【B3】 . But modern research has 【B4】 out that this is not so, for it is not 【B5】 to say 【B6】 what each part of the brain does.
In the past fifty years there 【B7】 a great increase in the amount of research 【B8】 on the brain. Chemists and biologists have 【B9】 that the 【B10】 the brain works it is not so 【B11】 as people in general may think. Chemists tell us that 100,000 chemical changes 【B12】 in the brain every second. Some recent researches also 【B13】 that we can remember every thing 【B14】 happens 【B15】 us. We 【B16】 not be able to recall(回忆)the things we've heard and seen, but it is all kept there in the storehouse of the human mind.
Earlier scientists thought the power of one's brain got weaker as one grow 【B17】 . But it is now thought that is not 【B18】 . As long as the brain is 【B19】 【B20】 exercise it keeps its ability. It has been proved that an old person who has always been active in the mind has a quicker mind than a young person who has only done physical work without using much of his brain. It is now thought that the more work we give our brains, the more work they are able to do.
【B1】
A．destroyed
B．injured
C．broken
D．wounded

请帮忙给出正确答案和分析，谢谢！

Several days ago,I met a stranger in the street who stopped and asked me direction. I offered to show him the way to the
destination, but to my_41_he coldly refused my offer. I asked him why. Finally he told me that he was afraid I would ask
him for money if |42him in this way. 
Money! | fell deep into thought. Is it money that comes between us? Money has no___43it cannot be connected withgood or bad. The problem_44what attitude we have towards it.
At present, we have a more plentiful material life than ever before, but we're becoming more and more45_Why? Inmy opinion, the key is the change in people's personal_46They wrongly believe that making money should be their onlyaim in life, so they47all sorts of ways they can to realize this aim. They are afraid of being48and fooled. Ifeveryone acts like this, what will our society be like? Needless to say, money is becoming more and more important in our society,__49it shouldn't be the "be-all and endall” of life. If a person only concentrates on money, he will be lonely and void (空虚),and even go astray (犯错误).
It is up to us to make our lives happy, not money. We should try our best to help others50and freely. If everyonedoes so, our society will be better and better.
41.()
A joy
B fear
C excitement
D surprise
42. ()
A stopped
B told
C asked
D helped
43.()
A problem
B price
C lifte
D use
44. ()
A takes in
B depends on
C leads to
D smoothes away
45.()
A cold-hearted
B warm-hearted
C good-looking
D humorous
46. ()
A worth
B habits
C fame
D values
47.()
A think up
B come up
C give off
D break out
48. ()
A found
B discovered
C cheated
D followed
49.()
A or
B but
C if
D since
50. ()
A separately
B obviously
C mainly
D whole-heatedly

IQ stands for Intelligence Quotient, which is a measure of a person's intelligence found by means of an intelligence test. Before marks gained in such a test can be useful as information about a person, they must be compared with some standard, or norm. It is not enough simply to know that a boy of thirteen has scored, say, ninety marks in a particular test. To know whether he is clever, average or dull, his marks must be compared with the average achieved by boys of thirteen in that test.
In 1906 the psychologist, Alfred Binet, devised the standard in relation to which intelligence has since been assessed.
He invented a variety of tests and put large numbers of children of different ages through them. He found at what age each test was passed by the average child. For instance, he found that the average child of seven could count backwards from 20 to 1 and the average child of three could repeat the sentence: We are going to have a good time in the country. Binet arranged the various tests in order of difficulty, and used them as a scale against which he could measure every individual. If, for example, a boy aged twelve could only do tests that were passed by the average boy of nine, Binet held that he was three years below average, and that he has a mental age of nine.
The concept of mental age provided Binet, and through him, other psychologists, with the required standard, which enables him to state scores in intelligence tests in terms of a norm. At first, it was usual to express the result of a test by the difference between the "mental" and the "chronological" age. Then the boy in the example given would be "three years retarded". Soon, however, the "mental ratio" was introduced, that is to say, the ratio of the mental age to the chronological age. Thus a 'boy of twelve with a mental age of nine has a mental ratio of 0.75.
The mental age was replaced by the "intelligence quotient" or "ID". The IQ is the mental ratio multiplied by 100. For example, a boy of twelve with a mental age of nine has an IQ of 75. Clearly, since the mental age of average child is equal to the chronological age, the average IQ is 100.
Which of the following is not mentioned in relation to IQ？______
A．mental ratio
B．mental age
C．chronological age
D．date of birth

What Is Death？ People in the past did not question the difference between life and de
What Is Death？
People in the past did not question the difference between life and death. They could see that a person died when his heart stopped beating. People have learned, however, that the body does not die immediately when the heart stops beating. They discovered that we remain alive as long as our brain remains active. Today the difference between life and death is not as easy to see as in the past. Modern medical devices can keep the heart beating and the lungs breathing long after the brain stops. But is this life？
This question has caused much debate among citizens in the United States. Many of them want a law that says a person is dead when the brain dies. A person should be considered dead when brain waves stop even if machines can keep the body alive. Such a law would permit doctors to speed removal (切除) of undiseased (没病的) organs for transplant (移植) operations.
The brain is made of thousands of millions of nerve cells. These cells send and receive millions of chemical and electrical messages every day. In this way the brain controls the other body activities. Nerve-cell experts say it is usually easy to tell when the brain has died. They put small electrodes (电极) on a person's skull (头骨) to measure the electrical signals that pass in and out of the brain. These brain waves are recorded on a television screen or on paper. The waves move up and down every time the brain receives messages from the nerve cells. The brain is dead when the waves stop moving.
Although there are people who oppose the idea of a law on brain block for various reasons, the idea of brain wave activity as a test of death is slowly being accepted.
第 31 题 People in the past held that the difference between life and death
A．did not exist.
B．was easy to tell.
C．lay in the brain.
D．was open to debate.


请帮忙给出正确答案和分析，谢谢！

Listening to others is an even more important part of communication than speaking. Many more errors and difficulties【C1】______ misunderstanding what you've heard, so it's essential to ready yourself to listen with an open mind. Like many of us, you【C2】______ to listen actively, with.【C3】______ for accuracy, feeling, meaning, understanding and mutual creativity. You may never have been trained to【C4】______ the other person's experience of being understood.【C5】______ you may not【C6】______ that others really hear the message you intend to communicate, others don't check to【C7】______ that what you heard is【C8】______ .
What gets in the way of accurate listening？ When we're worried about what we're hearing or might hear next or what we might have to do about what we hear, we may very well receive a【C9】______ message.【C10】______ that we will have to "fix it" or "control it" causes us to listen with "filters". We may want to express our own point of view. We may also want to avoid being【C11】______ or being drawn into a conflict, so we【C12】______ . what we hear, because we're already thinking about what we'll say next. It then becomes impossible to hear the speaker's true meaning. Clearly in our workplaces, families and friendship, if we【C13】______ what we think we heard instead of what was actually said, the【C14】______ of the message we received will result in responses that aren't【C15】______ . On the other side, if others don't hear us accurately, we won't feel valued.
If you want to connect with others and take appropriate actions, you must learn to listen with curiosity, empathy and a deep appreciation for the feelings, reality and creativity of another. You need to ask for【C16】______ and not【C17】______ conclusions. You need to pay close attention and "mirror" back what you hear rather than listening【C18】______ while thinking of other things or listening through filters,【C19】______ or expectations that limit or distort the message's【C20】______ meaning. We build trust when others know we understand and value them.
【C1】
A．result in
B．lead to
C．stem from
D．bring about

Clothes play a critical part in the conclusions we reach by providing clues to who people are, who they are not, and who they would like to be. They tell us a good deal about the wearer's background, personality, status, mood and social outlook.
Since clothes are such an important source of social information, we can use them to manipulate people's impression of us. Our appearance assumes particular significance in the initial phases of interaction that is likely to occur. A young adult who is dressed in an unconventional manner, regardless of the person's education, background, or interests, may alienate an elderly middle-class man or woman.
People tend to agree on what certain types of clothes mean. Adolescent girls can easily agree on the lifestyles of girls who wear certain outfits, including the number of boyfriends they likely have had and whether they smoke or drink. Newscasters, or the announcers who read the news on TV, are considered to be more convincing, honest, and competent when they are dressed conservatively. And college students who view themselves as taking an active role in their interpersonal relationships say they are concerned about the costumes they must wear to play these roles successfully. Moreover, many of us can relate instances in which the clothing we wore changed the way we felt about ourselves and how we acted. Perhaps you have used clothing to gain confidence when you anticipated a stressful situation, such as a job interview, or a court appearance.
In the workplace, men have long had well-defined precedents and role models for achieving success. It has been otherwise for women. A good many women in the business world are uncertain about the appropriate mixture of "masculine" and "feminine" attributes they should convey by their professional clothing. The variety of clothing alternatives to women has also been greater than that available for men. Male administrators tend to judge women more favorably for managerial positions when the women display less "feminine" appearance: shorter hair, moderate use of make-up, and plain tailored clothing. As one male administrator confessed," An attractive woman is definitely going to get longer interview, but she won't get a job."
According to the passage, the way we dress ______.
A．provides clues for people who are critical of us
B．indicates our likes and dislikes in choosing a career
C．has a direct influence on the way people regard us
D．is of particular importance when we get on in age