In the information technology industry, it is widely acknowledged that how well IT departments of the future can fulfill their business goals will depend not on the regular updating of technology, which is essential for them to do, but on how well they can hold on to the people skilled at manipulating the newest technology. This is becoming more difficult. Best estimates of the current shortfall in IT staff in the UK are between 30,000 and 50,000, and growing.

And there is no end to the problem in sight. A severe industry-wide lack of investment in training means the long-term skills base is both ageing and shrinking. Employers are chasing experienced staff in ever-decreasing circles, and, according to a recent government report, 250,000 new IT jobs will be created over the next decade.

Most employers are confining themselves to dealing with the immediate problems. There is little evidence, for example, that they are stepping up their intake of raw recruits for in-house training, or retraining existing staff from other functions. This is the course of action recommended by the Computer Software Services Association, but research shows its members are adopting the short-term measure of bringing in more and more consultants on a contract basis.

With IT professionals increasingly attracted to the financial rewards and flexibility of consultancy work, average staff turnover rates are estimated to be around 15%. While many companies in the financial services sector are managing to contain their losses by offering skilled IT staff "golden handcuffs" — deferred loyalty bonuses that tie them in until a certain date — other organizations, like local governments, are unable to match the competitive salaries and perks on offer in the private sector and contractor market, and are suffering turnover rates of up to 60% a year.

But while loyalty bonuses have grabbed the headlines, there are other means of holding on to staff. Some companies are doing additional IT pay reviews in the year and paying market premiums. But such measures can create serious employee relations problems among those excluded, both within and outside IT departments. Many industry experts advise employers to link bonuses to performance wherever possible. However, employers are realising that bonuses will only succeed if they are accompanied by other incentives such as attractive career prospects, training, and challenging work that meets the individual's long-term ambitions.

According to the passage, the success of IT departments will depend on ______.

A．their success at retaining their skilled staff

B．the extent to which they invest in new technology

C．their attempts to recruit staff with the necessary skills

D．the ability of employees to keep up with the latest developments

阅读理解阅读下面的文章，根据文章内容判断文章后的句子是正确（T)还是错误（F)。THE INTERNATIONA
阅读理解
阅读下面的文章，根据文章内容判断文章后的句子是正确(T)还是错误(F)。
THE INTERNATIONAL FOOD SAFETY AUTHORITIES NETWORK (INFOSAN)
With the rapid globalization of food production and trade, international issues related to food safety are likely to increase. Food safety authorities all over the world have realized that food safety problems should be carried out at both national and international levels. There is a pressing need for exchanging routine information on food safety issues, and sharing experiences and information quickly when a food safety related event takes place.
INFOSAN is a joint program between the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). This global network includes 181 Member States. Each has a designated INFOSAN Emergency Contact Point which manages communication between national food safety authorities.
The network aims to:
Promote the rapid exchange of information during food safety related events;
Share information on important food safety related issues of global interest;
Promote partnership and cooperation between countries;
Help countries strengthen their capacity to manage food safety risks.
As part of its routine activities, the INFOSAN Secretariat publishes reports in six languages and provides members with summaries and guidance on relevant food safety issues.
INFOSAN helps exchange food safety information and experience among its members. It is also a useful resource for other public health organizations which recognize INFOSAN as an organization through which findings of investigations and strategies for improving food safety may be shared.
INFOSAN monitors possible international food safety related events in close cooperation with the WHO Alert and Response Operations program. INFOSAN can work with other international organizations to provide assistance to the countries or regions with emerging food safety events of possible international concern.
操作提示：句子正确选择下拉选项框为“T”;句子错误选择下拉选项框为“F”。
1. It is probable that there will be more and more safety related issues worldwide. {T; F}
2. Food safety authorities in each country believe that food safety problems should be solved within their country. {T; F}
3. The major duty of the INFOSAN Emergency Contact Point in each FAO member state is to manage communication between national food safety authorities. {T; F}
4. Public health organizations can get findings of investigations and strategies for food safety improvement from INFOSAN. {T; F}
5. INFOSAN monitors possible international events concerning food safety independently. {T; F}

阅读理解：根据文章内容，判断正误。The Internet has been perhaps the greatest innovation in
阅读理解：根据文章内容，判断正误。
The Internet has been perhaps the greatest innovation in information technology. It has become an important tool with many advantages.
First, the Internet is a treasure house of information and knowledge on any topic. It is common practice now to search the web for resources and information for homework, office presentations, work projects and studies, etc.
Second, there are more and more massive open online courses (MOOCs). These MOOCs make it possible for people to carry out their learning any place around the world, and any time around the clock. As long as the learners have access to a digital device which is linked up to the Internet, they can enjoy browsing the pages or watching video lectures. In doing so, they have opportunities to learn from professors they otherwise would not be able to access.
Third, entertainment is one of the leading reasons people like the Web. Listening to music, playing games, watching movies, following the latest news about famous sports stars, movie stars and singers and looking into lifestyle. websites have become day-to-day activities of many Internet users.
One cannot imagine a social life without QQ or WeChat. These social apps have become our means for staying connected with friends, colleagues and family members, and staying in touch with the world.
Last but not least, we can do shop and do other businesses online. We can order goods, books, tickets and pay bills without having to leave our homes or offices.
操作提示：正确选T，错误选F。
1. You can use the Internet to do a lot of things.{T; F}
2. Now, only a few people know how to search the web for resources and information.{T; F}
3. With the Internet, one can learn online anytime and anywhere.{T; F}
4. QQ and WeChat are mentioned in the text as online shopping apps.{T; F}
5. You can order online, but you must go to a bank to pay your bills.{T; F}

阅读理解：阅读下面的短文，根据文章内容进行判断，正确写“T”错误写“F”。Feedback from your custo
阅读理解：阅读下面的短文，根据文章内容进行判断，正确写“T”错误写“F”。
Feedback from your customers is very important. The more information you have from them, the more competitive you will be in your field. The following techniques will help you know what the customers think of your business.
1. Ask your customers directly and cater to their wishes. This is the simplest way to find out what people want from your service or product. When hotel customers are asked what they want for their breakfast and then the hotel staff are asked what they think the customer wants, the answers are quite different.
2. Be a customer yourself and find out what your customers experience when they use your service. This is one of the most obvious but underused ways for getting feedback. For example, you can act as one of the customers in a wheelchair, and see how you’re treated.
3. Use a focus group. Focus groups are representatives of customers whose job is to provide you with information on their needs and preferences.
4. Use questionnaires and surveys. This is one of the most well-established feedback techniques. When well-conducted, they usually work well.
5. Encourage your front-line staff to build strong relationships with customers. Your front-line staff are the most resourceful and reliable, as well as the least costly, of your customer feedback sources. Their communication with the customers will become important information for improving customer care.
You may deliver the best service in the world. But if it is not what people want, you’re wasting your time. Implement one, two, three or all of the above techniques, and your service and product will improve overnight.
1. Hotel customers and hotel staff think the same about breakfast.{T、F}
2. A good or bad experience of a customer in a wheelchair in your shop shows whether your service is good or not.{T、F}
3. It’s not necessary to know about the customers’ needs and preferences. {T、F}
4. Questionnaires are useful in getting feedback from customers.{T、F}
5. Front-line staff have nothing to do with improving customer service.{T、F}

阅读理解：根据文章内容，判断正误。PEDESTRIAN CRITICALLY INJURED IN WESTWOOD HIT－AND－RUN CRA
阅读理解：根据文章内容，判断正误。
PEDESTRIAN CRITICALLY INJURED IN WESTWOOD HIT-AND-RUN CRASH
A pedestrian was critically injured in a Westwood area car accident near the corner of Wilshire Boulevard and Veteran Avenue early morning on January 5, 2016.
The police said it involved a hit-and-run driver. The car was dark and was last seen traveling east on Ashton Avenue from Veteran Avenue. The investigation is ongoing.
It appears that the driver struck and seriously injured the pedestrian, and left the victim lying in the roadway without even stopping to help or call emergency personnel. Outrageous! Leaving the scene of an injury or fatal crash is a serious crime under California law. California Vehicle Code 20001 (a) states: “The driver of a vehicle involved in an accident resulting in injury to a person, other than himself or herself, or in the death of a person shall immediately stop the vehicle at the scene of the accident.”
We hope the driver in this case is arrested and brought to justice. If you have any information about the suspect or the vehicle, please visit the Hit-and-Run Reward website at hitandrunreward.com to offer a useful tip and become qualified for a $1,000 reward.
操作提示：正确选T，错误选F。
1. A pedestrian was dead in the hit-and-run case.{T; F}
2. Leaving the scene of an injury or fatal crash is not a serious crime under California law.{T; F}
3. The investigation is going on.{T; F}
4. The driver was against the California Vehicle Code 20001.{T; F}
5. Any information about hit-and-run cases provided via hitandrunreward.com can get $1,000 reward.{T; F}

All communication begins with the sender and ends with the receiver. The sender is responsible for successful conveyance. The sender's personality, beliefs, cultural and educational background all influence the message and it is important for the sender to be aware of this as he or she is encoding the message. Simply put, encoding is translating information into symbols that represent the ideas or concepts of the message that needs sending. These symbols are usually words in written or spoken form. To ensure successful communication, the sender should know as much about his or her audience – the receiver – as possible in order to focus and support the encoding process.
In addition to this awareness of self and encoding, the sender must choose the proper channel for conveying the message. Using the wrong channel may result in miscommunication. Like the sender, receivers are influenced by internal factors: their personality, their receptivity to the message or their relationship to the sender. Additionally, their current feelings, mood, or state of mind can affect a message. Once the message moves through the channel, the receiver then decodes it. The receiver uses his or her own experience and the context of the message to interpret its meaning.
Feedback is the return message from the receiver to the sender. It is feedback that enables the sender to know whether the message was received successfully or not. Therefore it is essential to the communication process.
This process, though very common, is fraught with potential breakdown at every turn. Spoken or written language is inherently easy to misinterpret. In conclusion, effective and successful Communication takes place when the message is successfully received and the receiver provides the sender with desirable feedback.
1. The sender's gender also influences the message.{T; F}
2. Encoding is a process that translating information into symbols which serve as the ideas or concepts of the message that will be sent later.{T; F}
3. These symbols are usually words and sentences in written form.{T; F}
4. Channel is not crucial for conveying the message.{T; F}
5. Feedbacks enable the sender to know whether the receiver has received the message successfully or not.{T; F}

阅读理解：阅读下面的短文，根据文章内容从A.B.C三个选项中选出一个最佳选项。
An annual report provides __1__ information about an organization.People read annual reports in different ways. Some even __2__ to start at the back and work their way to the beginning. It makes __3__ difference how you read them as long as you get the essential points of the business and its financial condition.However, there is a good way to solve these reports that is __4__ most efficient and most effective. You can’ t possibly go any further in your research __5__ knowing what the company does! How can you insure that you have understood the report? Just ask yourself if you understand what the company does and who its customers are.
（1）__1__

根据短文内容判断给出的语句是否正确，正确的写“T”，错误的写“F”。 Pedestrian Critically Injured in Westwood HitandRun Crash A pedestrian was critically injured in a Westwood area car accident near the comer of Wilshire

根据短文内容判断给出的语句是否正确，正确的写“T”，错误的写“F”。

Pedestrian Critically Injured in Westwood HitandRun Crash

A pedestrian was critically injured in a Westwood area car accident near the comer of Wilshire Boulevard and Veteran Avenue early morning on January 5, 2016.

The police said it involved a hitandrun driver. The car was dark and was last seen traveling east on Ashton Avenue from Veteran Avenue. The investigation is ongoing.

It appears that the driver struck and seriously injured the pedestrian, and left the victim lying in the roadway without even stopping to help or call emergency personnel. Outrageous! Leaving the scene of an injury or fatal crash is a serious crime under California law. California Vehicle Code 20001(a)states：“The driver of a vehicle involved in an accident resulting in injury to a person, other than himself or herself, or in the death of a person shall immediately stop the vehicle at the scene of the accident.”

We hope the driver in this case is arrested and brought to justice. If you have any information about the suspect or the vehicle, please visit the HitandRun Reward website at hitandrunreward.com to offer a useful tip and become qualified for a $1,000 reward.

()21. A pedestrian was dead in the hitandrun case.

()22. Leaving the scene of an injury or fatal crash is not a serious crime under California law.

()23. The investigation is going on.

()24. The driver was against the California Vehicle Code 20001.

()25. Any information about hitand run cases provided via hitandrunreward.com can get $1,000 reward.

Hello, everyone. I'd like to talk about myself. My name is Lily. I am an IT worker. I work at the ABC company in Shanghai. Now I am working as a trainee (实习) Information Technology Manager. I am in charge of about 45 people. I am here on my own. My family is in Hong Kong. I don't have any brothers, but I have a sister. She works on newspaper advertisements. She is now sitting in front of the TV set and watching me on TV in our house in Hong Kong. I believe, my mother and father are together with her too. I would like to say hello to my family. Hi, Mum and Dad! Hello, Rose! Can you see me and hear me clearly？ I am now in the TV studio (演播室) of Shanghai TV Station. We are making a program about our company. These people around me are my colleagues. That one over there is our boss.
(1). Lily works in IT.
A、 Right.
B、Wrong.
C、Doesn't say.
(2). Lily has got a big family in Hong Kong.
A、 Right.
B、Wrong.
C、Doesn't say.
(3). Lily is working on a training program in the TV studio of Shanghai TV Station.
A、 Right.
B、Wrong.
C、Doesn't say.
(4). Lily is going to be the IT Manager.
A、 Right.
B、Wrong.
C、Doesn't say.
(5). Lily's boss and her colleagues are in Shanghai now.
A、 Right.
B、Wrong.
C、Doesn't say.

请帮忙给出正确答案和分析，谢谢！

When older people can no longer remember names at a cocktail party, they tend to think that their brainpower is declining. But a growing number of studies suggest that this assumption is often wrong. Instead, the research finds, the aging brain is simply taking in more data and trying to sift through a clutter of information, often to its long-term benefit. The studies are analyzed in a new edition of a neurology book, "Progress in Brain Research. "
Some brains do deteriorate with age. Alzheimer's disease, for example, strikes 13 percent of Americans 65 and older. But for most aging adults, the authors say, much of what occurs is a gradually widening focus of attention that makes it more difficult to latch onto just one fact, like a name or a telephone number. Although that can be frustrating, it is often useful. "It may be that distractibility is not, in fact, a bad thing," said Shelley H. Carson, a psychology researcher at Harvard whose work was cited in the book. "It may increase the amount of information available to the conscious mind. "
For example, in studies where subjects are asked to read passages that are interrupted with unexpected words or phrases, adults 60 and older work much more slowly than college students. Although the students plow through the texts at a consistent speed regardless of what the out-of-place words mean, older people slow down even more when the words are related to the topic at hand. That indicates that they are not just stumbling over the extra information, but are taking it in and processing it. When both groups were later asked questions for which the out-of-place words might be answers, the older adults responded much better than the students.
"For the young people, it's as if the distraction never happened," said an author of the review, Lynn Hasher, a professor of psychology at the University of Toronto and a senior scientist at the Rotman Research Institute. "But for older adults, because they've retained all this extra data, they' re now suddenly the better problem solvers. They can transfer the information they've soaked up from one situation to another. "
Such tendencies can yield big advantages in the real world, where it is not always clear what information is important, or will become important. A seemingly irrelevant point or suggestion in a memo can take on new meaning if the original plan changes. Or extra details that stole your attention, like others'yawning and fidgeting, may help you assess the speaker's real impact.
From the first two paragraphs, we learn that______.
A．aging brains tend to process more information simultaneously
B．one becomes forgetful when he gets old
C．older people don't think their brainpower is declining
D．the aged always stress long-term benefit

阅读理解：根据文章内容，判断正误。WHAT DO YOU SAY IN A COVER LETTER？A cover letter is a let
阅读理解：根据文章内容，判断正误。
WHAT DO YOU SAY IN A COVER LETTER？
A cover letter is a letter of introduction sent along with a résumé or curriculum vitae (CV). How do you write a successful cover letter？ Bear these points in mind, and you'll always make a great impression.
Keep your cover letter brief and to the point. Writing more than one page is usually unnecessary. If it is sent in an email, writing three short paragraphs is quite sufficient.
Explain why you are sending a résumé. Don't make the reader guess what you are asking for.
Tell specifically how you learned about the position or the organization – a flyer posted in your department, a web site, a family friend who works at the organization, etc.
Convince the reader to look at your résumé. The cover letter will be seen first. Therefore, it must be very well written and targeted to that employer.
Call attention to your background – education, leadership, experience – that is relevant to the position you are seeking.
Provide any information specifically requested in the job advertisement that might not be covered in your résumé, such as availability date, or references.
操作提示：正确选T，错误选F。
1. A cover letter is a letter of introduction sent along with a résumé.{T; F}
2. The cover letter is usually more than one page.{T; F}
3. There is no need to explain why you are sending a résumé.{T; F}
4. The cover letter must be very well written.{T; F}
5. Education background is irrelevant to the position you are seeking.{T; F}

Passage TwoThe brain is a seemingly endless library, whose shelves house our most precious
Passage Two
The brain is a seemingly endless library, whose shelves house our most precious memories as well as our lifetime’s knowledge. But is there a point where it reaches capacity？
The answer is no, because brains are more sophisticated than that. Instead of just crowding in, old information is sometimes pushed out of the brain for new memories to form.
Previous behavioural studies have shown that learning new information can lead to forgetting. But in a new study, researchers demonstrated for the first time how this effect occurs in the brain.
In daily life, forgetting actually has clear advantages. Imagine, for instance, that you lost your bank card. The new card you receive will come with a new personal identificatipn number (PIN). Each time you remember the new PIN, you gradually forget the old one. This process improves access to relevant information, without old memories interfering.
And most of us may sometimes feel the frustration of having old memories interfere with new, relevant memories. Consider trying to remember where you parked your car in the same car park you were at a week earlier. This type of memory (where you are trying to remember new, but similar information) is particularly vulnerable to interference.
When we acquire new information, the brain automatically tries to incorporate (合并)it within existing information by forming associations. And when we retrieve (检索) information, both the desired and associated but irrelevant information is recalled.
The majority of previous research has focused on how we learn and remember new information. But current studies are beginning to place greater emphasis on the conditions under which we forget, as its importance begins to be more appreciated.
A very small number of people are able to remember almost every detail of their life. While it may sound like an advantage to many, people with this rare condition often find their unusual ability burdensome.
In a sense, forgetting is our brain’s way of sorting memories, so the most relevant memories are ready for retrieval. Normal forgetting may even be a safety mechanism to ensure our brain doesn’t become too full.
What have past behavioural studies found about our brain？
A.Its capacity actually knows no limits
B.It grows sophisticated with practice
C.It keeps our most precious memories until life’s end
D.New information learned pushes old information out
What do people find about their rare ability to remember every detail of their life？A.It adds to the burden of their memory
B.It makes their life more complicated
C.It contributes to their success in life
D.It constitutes a rare object of envy
What is the benefit of forgetting？A.It frees us from painful memories
B.It helps slow down our aging process
C.It facilitates our access to relevant information
D.It prevents old information from forming associations
What does the passage say about forgetting？A.It can enlarge our brain capacity
B.It helps get rid of negative memories
C.It is a way of organising our memories
D.It should not cause any alarm in any way
What is the emphasis of current studies of memory？A.When people tend to forget
B.What contributes to forgetting
C.How new technology hinders memory capacity
D.Why learning and forgetting arc complementary

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！